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從目前的情況來看，教育培訓(xùn)市場(chǎng)正向更加細(xì)分的趨勢(shì)邁進(jìn)，種種跡象表明：教育培訓(xùn)市場(chǎng)已跨入理性化、服務(wù)化發(fā)展軌道。傳統(tǒng)教育培訓(xùn)行業(yè)面臨著益發(fā)嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，針對(duì)這些問題，朗閣教育在堅(jiān)守線下優(yōu)質(zhì)教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上打造“智學(xué)家”在線學(xué)習(xí)服務(wù)平臺(tái)，**學(xué)習(xí)測(cè)試閉環(huán)、學(xué)習(xí)吸收閉環(huán)、學(xué)習(xí)服務(wù)閉環(huán)，形成線上線下教學(xué)互動(dòng)模式，打造“學(xué)習(xí)閉環(huán)”，并在全國統(tǒng)一成立“機(jī)考模擬中心”。

機(jī)考模擬中心≠ 考試機(jī)房，擁有專業(yè)的學(xué)術(shù)和技術(shù)實(shí)力，為學(xué)生提供實(shí)時(shí)、專業(yè)、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)念}庫和測(cè)試報(bào)告。

全國教研大綱統(tǒng)一，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化教學(xué)，同時(shí)能實(shí)現(xiàn)在線批改作業(yè)，解決學(xué)員在學(xué)習(xí)過程遇到的疑難問題，時(shí)間了解情況。

線下配備的學(xué)習(xí)顧問**線上同步，優(yōu)化效率，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)性化服務(wù)，跟進(jìn)所有學(xué)員學(xué)習(xí)情況，與學(xué)員及家長(zhǎng)溝通，架起家校橋，及時(shí)調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。

學(xué)習(xí)管理服務(wù)中心：

學(xué)員1V1專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)顧問，經(jīng)嚴(yán)格篩選，擁用有教學(xué)資質(zhì)證書、英語專八資格證、或有海外留學(xué)背景。全程跟蹤學(xué)員學(xué)業(yè)情況，進(jìn)行1V1點(diǎn)評(píng)，提供課程建議。

機(jī)考模擬中心：

全真機(jī)考模擬中心全國上線，**全真機(jī)考體驗(yàn)新雅思機(jī)考節(jié)奏，增加考試經(jīng)驗(yàn)?？谡Z及寫作采用機(jī)批，針對(duì)內(nèi)容劃詞，進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)；更可申請(qǐng)線下1V1點(diǎn)評(píng)，不錯(cuò)過任何細(xì)節(jié)。

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服務(wù)體系升級(jí)

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雅思聽力考試三個(gè)注意要點(diǎn)

雅思聽力想獲取高分，平時(shí)的備考很重要，但是再考場(chǎng)的時(shí)候還是有三個(gè)注意要點(diǎn)大家一定要好好關(guān)注哦。

*開始前*：

盡快熟悉題目的要求，用筆圈出關(guān)鍵詞和答案內(nèi)容限定詞(這些詞一般能限定問題的范圍)如：他和誰明天下午去機(jī)場(chǎng)?關(guān)鍵詞為”明天下午“而非上午或今天，”機(jī)場(chǎng)“而非別處。而答案限定詞則為”誰問題讓你回答的是人名或此人與說話者的關(guān)系名詞。也許你會(huì)覺得很好分辨而不用如此，但想拿而難拿的分?jǐn)?shù)一定具有這樣那樣的迷惑性，所以不可大意。另外，表格題因?yàn)橐曈X弱點(diǎn)較難看清，**好把題號(hào)圈出。

*過程中*：

不管一開始能聽懂多少，一定要按考試狀態(tài)做，能寫多少就多少。并且一開始要堅(jiān)持聽兩到三遍，用不同顏色的筆補(bǔ)充訂正在旁。**后計(jì)得不同的分?jǐn)?shù)，這些分?jǐn)?shù)之間的差距就是你可以**練習(xí)所增加的分?jǐn)?shù)，它可以激勵(lì)你，也可以讓你看見差距和進(jìn)步速度。另一個(gè)問題是不會(huì)拼寫的詞匯。這是需要掌握一些拼寫法則，**讀音盡量拼寫下來。

*結(jié)束后*：

對(duì)完答案要在聽力文章中找出對(duì)應(yīng)句子劃出，反思它的表達(dá)方式是否特殊，特別是不直接說明的。對(duì)不懂詞匯，能否找出文中出現(xiàn)過的詞代替。**后，把失分歸類。如，分為數(shù)字類，地址類，表格類，問答類，選擇類等。根據(jù)這個(gè)做單項(xiàng)專題訓(xùn)練。

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雅思閱讀模擬題：Sleep medication

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Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviour

12:44 06 February 2007

NewScientist.com news service

Roxanne Khamsi

New evidence has linked a commonly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours, including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.

UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences, including sleepwalking, amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.

While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders, they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.

Zolpidem, sold under the brand names Ambien, Stilnoct and Stilnox, is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug, made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis, were prescribed 674,500 times in 2005 in the UK.

A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.

Midnight snack

In one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved,” according to the report.

The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, meanwhile, has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.

The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries, including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case, a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.

Hypnotic effects

There is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep, the body can still move, making sleepwalking a possibility.

The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects, including hallucinations, sleepwalking and nightmares, are more likely in the elderly, and treatment should be stopped if they occur.

Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.

“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger,” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection, a US network that advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.

Tried and tested

“The more reports that come out about the potential side effects of the drug, the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects,” says sleep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder, US.

Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange side effects, points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School, director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence, Rhode Island, US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications, zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.

And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained: some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.

The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.

The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possible rare adverse event,” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann, adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.

Questions 1-6

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?

In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet write

TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage

FALSE if the statement is false according to the passage

T GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

1. Ambien, Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.

2. The woman’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.

3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.

4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the other side of the Atlantic.

5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.

6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.

Question 7-9

Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.

7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia?

A. 68

B. 104

C. 182

D. 240

8. Which of the following is T mentioned in the product information about zolpidem?

A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.

B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.

C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.

D. Side effects include nightmares, hallucinations and sleepwalking.

9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem was well established?

A. Kenneth Wright

B. Melissa Feltmann

C. Richard Millman

D. Vera Sharav

Questions 10-13

Answer the following questions with MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.

10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain?

11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients?

12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups?

13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects?

Answer keys and explanations:

1. True

See para.3 from the beginning: Zolpidem, sold under the brand names Ambien, Stilnoct and Stilnox, is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.

2. False

See para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”: Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved”…

3. Not Given

See para.2 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”: The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, meanwhile, has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005. (The time the drug was approved in the UK was not mentioned.)

4. True

See para.3 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”: In one case, a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.

5. False

See para.2 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”: He says that unlike older types of sleep medications, zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.

6. Not Given

See para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”: And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained: some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. (No patients as office workers are mentioned in the passage.)

7. C

See para.4 from the beginning: A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.

8. B

See the sentence in para.2 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects” (The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects, including hallucinations, sleepwalking and nightmares, are more likely in the elderly, and treatment should be stopped if they occur.) and the sentence in para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested” (Doctors “not the product information” stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.)

9. B

See para.5 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”: Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann … says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”.

10. 674,500 (times)

See para.3 from the beginning: Various forms of the drug, made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis, were prescribed674,500 times in 2005 in the UK.

11. (a) benzodiazepine-like (hypnotic)

See para.1 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”: The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic (類苯二氮催眠藥)that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid.

12. risky consequences

See para.3 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”: Patient advocacy groups … stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.

13. Food & Drug (Administration)

See para.4 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”: The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.

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