細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題
這是考研閱讀考試中的重點(diǎn)題型，每年大概都有近一半的題目。主要考查的是對(duì)于文章具體細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)的了解和判斷，以及將文章內(nèi)容和選項(xiàng)本身進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析的能力。因此，這個(gè)題型最能體現(xiàn)句子解析能力，同時(shí)我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)做這個(gè)題的時(shí)候，詞匯固然重要，但從結(jié)構(gòu)上把握句子，有的時(shí)候能事半功倍，不完全認(rèn)識(shí)詞匯也能把題解決。
(07-01-23) According to Ericsson, good memory
[A] depends on meaningful processing of information。
[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises。
[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors。
[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration。
This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome。
這是完全開(kāi)放的細(xì)節(jié)題，只能以選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行一個(gè)一個(gè)的查找。A選項(xiàng)比較沒(méi)有特色，我們先看B，里面的兩個(gè)詞intuitive、cognitive不是太熟，但可以發(fā)現(xiàn)它們?cè)谖闹惺窃~再現(xiàn)的。對(duì)比一下，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)上就不同。文章是the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one，選項(xiàng)是results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises，文章強(qiáng)調(diào)的是more的后面cognitive，而選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是rather than的前面intuitive，明顯是不同的。
再看C，文章中是memory itself is not genetically determined，選項(xiàng)是is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是rather than的前面genetic,這與原文相反，排除。
再看D, 文章是it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. 選項(xiàng)是requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration，文中提到了goals, feedback, concentration三個(gè)內(nèi)容，而選項(xiàng)中只有后兩者，信息明顯缺失，排除。
再看A，定位到文章后發(fā)現(xiàn)文中是And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. 其中的encode與選項(xiàng)中的process是同義轉(zhuǎn)化，答案為A。
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