考研培訓(xùn) 考研培訓(xùn)
發(fā)布時(shí)間： 2016年12月06日
上課的時(shí)候強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)的，如果同學(xué)們對(duì)寫(xiě)作一頭霧水，首先要訓(xùn)練的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)功和意識(shí)就是有關(guān)觀點(diǎn)和現(xiàn)象，或者說(shuō)表象和實(shí)質(zhì)，或者說(shuō)是具體和抽象，或者說(shuō)是演繹和歸納，或者說(shuō)色和空。今天我們著重鍛煉這個(gè)層面中的一個(gè)——各種觀點(diǎn)的表達(dá)。
【認(rèn)知】
今天我們的選段來(lái)自于2011年考研英語(yǔ)第四篇閱讀理解的第一段。大愛(ài)這一篇文章的寫(xiě)法，不過(guò)由于時(shí)間關(guān)系，我們還是只呈現(xiàn)其中一段好了。
It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”
由于整個(gè)系列的要求，選段的難度和博文的難度也在不斷提升。在面對(duì)大量信息需要消化的時(shí)候，我們所需要做的首先是化整為零，然后做分類(lèi)。大家可以結(jié)合閱讀老師上課教授的技巧進(jìn)行練習(xí)。
【解析】
昨天講過(guò)，在分解的過(guò)程當(dāng)中，我們首先考慮的是大處著眼，從宏觀到微觀，所以在分析段落的過(guò)程當(dāng)中，我們首先能看到的是段落當(dāng)中的一些關(guān)鍵字。何為關(guān)鍵字？簡(jiǎn)而言之，就是你能看懂并且認(rèn)為重要的字。如果你仍然認(rèn)為干擾太多，結(jié)構(gòu)太復(fù)雜，就去尋找這個(gè)文章和段落的觀點(diǎn)以及立場(chǎng)。
It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”
（一）
第一句話里面it is no surprise只是作為一個(gè)語(yǔ)氣類(lèi)的引入，對(duì)句子的正負(fù)沒(méi)有任何影響。于是主干出現(xiàn)了cover story is arousing much chatter。后面的破折號(hào)一般表示解釋?zhuān)钥梢詴簳r(shí)不看。大概意思大家應(yīng)該明白，就是引起了討論，只是chatter在這里不是那么正面的色彩，所以翻譯成“口水仗”。綠色的rather than后面可以略過(guò)，看逗號(hào)后紅色的部分，我們大概明白了這個(gè)story的作者的態(tài)度--我們應(yīng)該重新定義幸?；蚩鞓?lè)。冒號(hào)后面是解釋?zhuān)梢詴簳r(shí)不看。如果硬要看，可以看紅色的部分?？吹紼ven though，知道重點(diǎn)在后面，于是挑出主干，紅色的部分大家可以嘗試閱讀。
整個(gè)段落的大致結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)：
1 故事引發(fā)討論 解釋
2 反觀點(diǎn) 正觀點(diǎn)（注意：這里不是羅列反觀點(diǎn)，而是用反觀點(diǎn)襯托作者Senior的正觀點(diǎn)）
3 進(jìn)一步細(xì)化反觀點(diǎn)的襯托 進(jìn)一步細(xì)化正觀點(diǎn)
這個(gè)是正反觀點(diǎn)的一種寫(xiě)法變體，大家好好模仿吧。懇請(qǐng)各位同學(xué)不要再寫(xiě)some people believe...others believe...I believe...了……求你們了！中國(guó)爛模板害死人不償命??！
（二）
我們來(lái)看看具體的句子，結(jié)合我們前面所提到的相關(guān)句型仿寫(xiě)的寫(xiě)法，我們逐一分析。
It is no surprising that xx is arousing much chatter.
除了用it is no surprsing that...后面接一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或者現(xiàn)象，還可以用it is not uncommong/unusual等相關(guān)的寫(xiě)法。這個(gè)句子比較簡(jiǎn)單，所以不贅述了。
nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience.
我們看到另一種表達(dá)最高級(jí)的方式，如同nobody moved so fast like he did. 大家很容易看出來(lái)，意思就是he moved faster than anyone else. 所以這個(gè)句子中the suggestion加上后面的同位語(yǔ)從句，成了使得大家熱烈討論的導(dǎo)火線。用這樣的方式寫(xiě)句子，除了更好的表達(dá)最高級(jí)，還可以在結(jié)尾的名詞處多出一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，一舉兩得的。
在看句子里面，A is anything less than B，如果不熟悉anything less than就是by no means或者not at all的意思，我們可以推理出，anything就是任何事物，less than是小于號(hào)，也就是傾其所有也達(dá)不到的感覺(jué)，自然是否定的。順便提一下，兩個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的情況，這個(gè)上課講過(guò)，但是這里，出現(xiàn)了副詞修飾形容詞A，加上合成形容詞B的方法。如果暫時(shí)學(xué)不會(huì)，可以不用勉強(qiáng)。
Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness
rather than doing A, 加上主句。這個(gè)仿寫(xiě)比較容易，注意一下suggest和前文的suggestion，都是揭示，暗示的意思，具體的原因可以通過(guò)后面句子的時(shí)態(tài)看出。
instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition
再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，instead of 不要理解為“代替”，求你們了，它的本質(zhì)含義就和rather than類(lèi)似，理解成“而不是”。可憐的同學(xué)們肯定是因?yàn)楸沉藛卧~書(shū)的英文和中文直接對(duì)應(yīng)，忽略了它的語(yǔ)境，再次大聲疾呼，一個(gè)詞匯和短語(yǔ)的意思要在句子中才能體現(xiàn)出真正含義?。?！對(duì)了，注意Instead of doing A，后年有定語(yǔ)從句，這樣也就不會(huì)和前面的rather than顯得重復(fù)。這就是有變化的重復(fù)的另外一種變體，絕對(duì)不是只把important換成significant那么簡(jiǎn)單。
Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”
簡(jiǎn)單的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，即使……也……稍微注意一下那個(gè)hard前面的合成副詞，大家應(yīng)該還記得我上課說(shuō)過(guò)，能把副詞用到極致的人，是高手，這里的soul-crushingly hard就是很好的例證，不過(guò)我忍不住問(wèn)一句，為什么這里的hard不變成difficult呢？
【應(yīng)用】
我們來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單做一個(gè)個(gè)句子的仿寫(xiě)。
It is no surprising that xx is arousing much chatter.
最近高鐵出事比較多，it is no suprsing that the breakdown of the High Speed Train is arousing much chatter.
nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience.
飛機(jī)誤點(diǎn)，火車(chē)遇到泥石流，大巴事故，私家車(chē)堵車(chē)等各種交通工具的話題都沒(méi)有這一次讓大家討論得那么熱烈，坐高鐵的人你傷不起啊?。ù颂幨÷愿鞣N尼瑪有木有坑爹等一萬(wàn)字）。nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that High Speed Train jouney is anything less than a completely exicitng and joy-drilling experience.
Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness
平常的討論局限于利弊之爭(zhēng)（中國(guó)人寫(xiě)文章的時(shí)候很容易作出利大于弊或者弊大于利的大討論，似乎所有的利弊都可以衡量一樣），這次人們沒(méi)有這么做，逐漸變得客觀理性的人們覺(jué)得我們應(yīng)該重新開(kāi)始考慮問(wèn)題的根源。Rather than following the traditional debate upon the advantages and disvantages upon taking the train(也可以用pros and cons)，people with greater ration tend to suggest that we need to reconsider the root of all these problems.
instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition
如果高鐵一出故障大家都不坐高鐵了，那和誰(shuí)會(huì)嗆到，人們就不喝水了？我們最常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題就是當(dāng)我們擁有解決方法A的時(shí)候，我們總會(huì)說(shuō)，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)帶來(lái)B，所以它不好。我就奇怪了，解決方法A生下來(lái)就不是為了解決問(wèn)題B的，它最多用來(lái)解決問(wèn)題A，為什么非要它如此完美后，大家才能接受呢，如果出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題B，而解決方案A又是必須實(shí)行的，那我們就做一個(gè)解決方法B來(lái)解決問(wèn)題B好了。舊問(wèn)題解決了，新問(wèn)題自然會(huì)出來(lái)，但是因?yàn)樾聠?wèn)題會(huì)出來(lái)而放棄解決舊問(wèn)題，我們什么也做不了。所以，不要把任何一種全新的交通工具定義為提供完美旅程的渠道，我們要考慮的是如何可以讓它變得更好。Instead of thinking of the newly built train as something that can provided us with perfection, we should consider making it a step closer to betterment.
Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.
即使某個(gè)高鐵故障讓人心驚膽寒，問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵也絕對(duì)不是停止高鐵項(xiàng)目，而充其量是增強(qiáng)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)和控制。Even though the vivid experience of taking the high speed train can be soul-crushingly unpleasant, the very things that in the moment call for our serious discussion should be the quallity control, rather than the prohibition of the entire programme.
【變通】
上課的方法是，大家在學(xué)習(xí)了新的東西后，宏觀上可以隨便挑選考研真題或者任何預(yù)測(cè)題目來(lái)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，微觀上可以通過(guò)報(bào)數(shù)字的方式，隨機(jī)選擇指定句型，表達(dá)相關(guān)的含義和內(nèi)容。但是，無(wú)數(shù)次課堂嘗試證明，很多同學(xué)很難就一個(gè)問(wèn)題發(fā)表出中文的觀點(diǎn)，成句成篇自然是非常煎熬的過(guò)程。希望大家好好按照我第一節(jié)課講過(guò)的方法，通過(guò)流水線搭建自己的思想結(jié)構(gòu)，盡快地熟悉作文入手的基本套路。再出今天的題目之前，我再次強(qiáng)調(diào)“像我者死，學(xué)我者生”這句古訓(xùn)，翻譯過(guò)來(lái)的意思就是，用模板者死，用模式者生。今天的題目是“樂(lè)觀與悲觀”，大家可以試試看。
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