一、增加原文中省略的部分
（一）增補回答句中省略的詞語
Do you like sport? Yes, I do.
你喜歡體育運動嗎？是的，我喜歡體育運動。
Shall I bring you a dictionary or an encyclopedia? Both, please.
給你帶一本詞典來還是帶一本百科全書來？請把兩樣都帶來。
Are you tired? Not very.
你累了嗎？不太累。
（二）增補并列結(jié)構(gòu)中省略的詞語
We don’t retreat, we never have and never will。
我們不后退，我們從沒有后退過，將來也決不后退。（we never have and never will=we never have retreated and never will retreat）
A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.
愚人會很快忘記說過的話，智者會很快放棄手里的錢。（a man of genius and his money=a man of genius and his money are soon parted）
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
讀書使人充實，討論使人機智，寫作使人準確。
（三）增補表示邏輯關(guān)系或者平衡結(jié)構(gòu)的詞語
Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected?
如果對自己的錯誤都不能認識到，怎么能指望你會悔改呢？
Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed.
假設(shè)準備工作完成不了，那可怎么辦？
Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it.
因為空氣具有重量，所以處在空氣中的任一物體都會受到空氣的作用力
Students should learn from teachers and vice versa.
學生應(yīng)該想老師學習，老師也應(yīng)該向?qū)W生學習。
二、增加意義上或修辭上的需要上的部分
（一）增加動詞
He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.
他沒有致閉幕辭就宣布結(jié)束會議。
He spoke hopefully of the success of the negotiation.
他滿懷希望地說談判會取得成功。
After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting.
在觀看籃球比賽之后，主席還有一個重要會議要參加。
（二）增加形容詞或者副詞
What a leader he was!
他真是一個出類拔萃的領(lǐng)袖啊。
The crowds melted away.
人群漸漸散開了。
As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.
他一坐下來就講開了，滔滔不絕地講個沒完。
（三）增加名詞
1．在不及物動詞后面增加名詞
Day after day he came to his work –sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.
他每天來干活——掃地，擦地板，收拾房間。
He never drinks before driving.
他開車前從不喝酒。
Aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly.
哈麗特阿姨時常慷慨地款待客人。
2．在形容詞前增加名詞
This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
這部打字機真是價廉物美。
A new kind of aircraft—small, cheap, pilotless—is attracting increasing attention.
一種新型的飛機正越來截止引起人們的注意——這種飛機體積不大，價錢便宜，無人駕駛。
3．在抽象名詞后增加名詞
如：
to innovate革新——innovation革新措施
to evolve進化——evolution進化過程
to solve解決——solution解決方法
to derive推導——derivation推導過程
to persuade說服——persuasion說服工作
to prepare準備——preparation準備工作
backward落后——backwardness落后狀態(tài)
tense緊張——tension緊張局勢
arrogant自滿——arrogance自滿情緒
mad瘋狂——madness瘋狂行為
antagonistic敵對——antagonism敵對態(tài)度
redundant多余——redundancy多余信息
After all preparations were made, our meeting will begin.
一切準備工作就緒以后，會議就開始。
They wanted to ease the tension in the Middle East.
他們試圖緩解中東的緊張局勢。
（四）增加表示名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞
1．增加重迭詞表示復(fù)數(shù)
Flowers bloom all over the yard.
朵朵鮮花開滿了庭院。
Newsmen went flying off to Mexico.
記者紛紛飛到墨西哥去了。
There were rows of houses which he had never seen before.
一排排的房子，都是他從來沒有見過的。
2．增加數(shù)詞或其他詞表示復(fù)數(shù)
The lion is the king of animals.
獅是百獸之王。
We have to face different problems.
我們得面對各種不同的問題。
Mr. Hobbs didn’t talk over my suggestions with his brother until yesterday afternoon.
直到昨天下午，霍布斯先生才跟他兄弟討論了我的各項建議。
（五）增加表達時態(tài)的詞
1．對某種時間概念作強調(diào)時，往往要加一些詞。
Ihad known two great social systems.
那時以前，我就經(jīng)歷過兩大社會制度。（這里除了用“過”字外，還增加了“那時以前”，強調(diào)過去完成的動作。）
The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.
那位老人已經(jīng)教會了孩子捕魚，所以孩子很愛他。
2．強調(diào)時間上的對比時，往往需要加一些詞
Man, was, is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions.
人類過去、現(xiàn)在而且將來總是在盡力改善生活條件。
I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release.
我的獲釋是他成全的，對此我過去很感激，現(xiàn)在仍然很感激。
The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird.
該高空飛機過去是現(xiàn)在仍然是一種了不起的飛機。
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