五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的其他考點(diǎn)
1.接不定式或動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)都可以，但在意思上有區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞的用法
mean to do想要(做某事) propose to do 打算(做某事)
mean doing意味(做某事) propose doing建議(做某事)
forget to do忘記(要做的事) remember to do記得(要做某事)
forget doing忘記(已做的事) remember doing記得(已做過的事)
go on to do繼而(做另一件事) stop to do停下來(lái)去做另一件事
go on doing繼續(xù)(做原來(lái)的事) stop doing停止正在做的事
regret to do(對(duì)將要做的事)遺憾 regret doing(對(duì)已做過的事)后悔
如：
Mr. Jankin regretted having blamed his secretary for the mistake, for he later discovered it was his own fault.
The boy is constantly being told not to scratch the paint off the wall, but he goes on doing it all the same.
2.不定式的習(xí)慣用法
句型：cannot help but do cannot but do
cannot choose but do can do nothing but do
have no choice/alternative but to do
上述句型的意思接近，即"不得不做"、"不禁做"、"不由自主地做"、"不能不做"、"只能做"。其共同的特點(diǎn)是都有一個(gè)否定詞和but。如：
Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.
3.動(dòng)名詞的習(xí)慣用法
句型：be busy/active doing sth. have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.
It's no good/use/picnic doing sth. have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.
spend/waste time doing sth. There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.
cannot help doing sth. There is no doing sth.
I know it isn't important but I can't help thinking about it.
Alice was having trouble controlling the children because there were so many of them.
There is no use crying over spilt milk.
4.there be 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法
(1)做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)取決于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的持續(xù)要求。如：
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.
(expect要求接不定式做賓語(yǔ))
(2)做目的狀語(yǔ)或程度狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用for there to be，做其他狀語(yǔ)用there being。如：
For there to be successful communication, there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussion itself by all present.
(for there to be…在句中做目的狀語(yǔ))
It isn't cold enough for there to be a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim's car out quite safely.
(for there to be…在句中做程度狀語(yǔ))
There being no further questions, we'll stop here today.
(there being…做原因狀語(yǔ))
(3)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)用for there to be。如：
It is unusual for there to be no late comers today.
(4)做除for外的介詞賓語(yǔ)，用there being。如：
He would always ignore the fact of there being such a contradiction in his inner thought.
六、虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1.主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
(1)掌握主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的規(guī)范搭配:
主句從句
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反would/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去式 dowere (不分人稱)/did
與過去事實(shí)相反would/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去式 have donehad done
與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反would/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去式 doshould do
如：
If the doctor had been available, the child could not have died.
There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, should there be a sudden loud noise.
(2)區(qū)分主從句表示的不同時(shí)間概念：
主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所指時(shí)間不同，這叫做錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)調(diào)整。如：
Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.
(主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句與過去事實(shí)相反)
Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.
(主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句與過去事實(shí)相反)
(3)識(shí)別事實(shí)和假設(shè)混合句：
Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.
(句子前半部分為假設(shè)情況，而"父母病了"是事實(shí))
I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.
(前半部分為假設(shè)，后半部分是事實(shí))
2.名詞性從句的虛擬形式
名詞性從句是指賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用(should )動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬?？忌鷳?yīng)熟悉：
(1)下列動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，that賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞用虛擬形式：
desire, advise, recommend, command, direct, order, ask, demand, request, require, insist, maintain, move, propose, prefer, urge, vote。如：
In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home.
I move that he be discharged for his serious mistake.
(2)下列形容詞和分詞做表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，that主語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞用虛擬形式：
advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested。如：
The board deems it urgent that these files should be printed right away.
It is essential that all these figures be checked twice.
(3)下列名詞接同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中動(dòng)詞用虛擬形式：
insistence, preference, recommendation, suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, requirement, request, order, necessity, importance, regulation, rule, resolution, understanding。如：
John Wagner's most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it be analyzed in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
They keep telling us it is of utmost importance that our representative be sent to the conference on schedule.
3.含蓄虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式
含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣是指假設(shè)條件不通過if從句表達(dá)，而是暗含在其他結(jié)構(gòu)中。考生應(yīng)熟悉：
(1)連詞but, but that, or, or else；副詞otherwise, unfortunately等表示轉(zhuǎn)折假設(shè)。如：
A safety analysis would have identified the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.
Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened; otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark.
(2)介詞短語(yǔ)暗含假設(shè)條件，常用的有：without, but for, under more favorable conditions等。如：
But for the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.
(3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned或was/were 不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished
不定式一般式暗示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
I intended to have called on you, but I was busy at that time.
(4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式暗示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn't.
4.常用虛擬形式的句型
(1)從句中動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去完成式表示虛擬的句型：
would rather would as soon as though suppose…
had rather would sooner as if supposing…
If only… It is (high) time that… (從句中動(dòng)詞只用過去式)
如：
His wife would rather they didn't talk about the matter any more.
I'd rather you went by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.
If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.
My father always talks as though he were addressing a public meeting.
(2)If it were not for… (與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
If it had not been for… (與過去事實(shí)相反) 相當(dāng)于but for。如：
If it had not been for his help (= but for his help), we would not have succeeded.
(3)If only…謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況選用適當(dāng)?shù)男问健Ｈ纾?br />
If only the committee would approve the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
(4)lest/for fear that/in case 從句謂語(yǔ)用(should )動(dòng)詞原形。如：
The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.
(5)whether…or…有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用be的原形，引導(dǎo)讓步虛擬從句，這種用法經(jīng)常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
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