發(fā)布時(shí)間： 2016年06月03日

考研英語閱讀理解全真模擬題法學(xué)類試題（二十三）

As students primp and preen to wow their favorite colleges， there's one characteristic they can't control： their race. That's one reason voters， courts and politicians in six states have outlawed racial preferences in college admissions， while other colleges， fearful of lawsuits， play down their affirmative-action efforts these days. But make no mistake： race still matters. How much depends on the school and the state.

In Texas， public universities have managed to counteract the effect of racial-preference bans by automatically admitting the top 10% of the graduating class of every high school， including those schools where most students are minorities. But Rice University in Houston， private and highly selective， has had to reinvent its admissions strategies to maintain the school's minority enrollment. Each February， 80 to 90 black， Hispanic and Native American kids visit Rice on an expenses-paid trip. Rice urges counselors from high schools with large minority populations to nominate qualified students. And in the fall， Rice sends two recruiters on the road to find minority applicants; each recruiter visits about 80 predominantly black or Hispanic high schools. Two weeks ago， Rice recruiter Tamara Siler dropped in on Westlake High in Atlanta， where 99% of the 1，296 students are black. Siler went bearing literature and advice， and though only two kids showed up， she said， “I'm pleased I got two.”

Rice has also resorted to some almost comical end-runs around the spirit of the law. The university used to award a yearly scholarship to a Mexican-American student; now it goes to a student who speaks Spanish really well. Admissions officers no longer know an applicant's race. But a new essay question asks about each student's “background” and “cultural traditions.” When Rice officials read applications， they look for “diverse life experiences” and what they awkwardly call “overcome students，” who have triumphed over hardship.

Last spring， admissions readers came across a student whose SAT score was lower than 1，200 and who did not rank in the top 10% of her class. Numerically speaking， she lagged far behind most accepted applicants. But her essay and recommendations indicated a strong interest in civil rights and personal experience with racial discrimination. She was admitted. “All the newspapers say affirmative action is done，” says a veteran counselor at a large New York City high school. “But nothing has changed. I have a [minority] kid at Yale with an SAT score in the high 900s.”

While minority admissions at the University of California system overall have dipped only slightly since a ban on affirmative action took effect in 1998， they have plummeted at the most selective campuses. At Berkeley， for example， the class entering this fall included 608 Chicano students， vs. 1，013 in 1997. In response， the elite schools have moved aggressively to recruit at minority high schools——and even to improve the performance of students who are graduating from them. This year the U.C. system will spend $250 million on outreach， from installing tutors at low-income schools to inviting high school teachers to summer calculus seminars.

注(1)：本文選自Time;10/23/2000，? p77;

注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象2001年真題text 2和2002年真題text 2第2題(5)

1. Affirmative action is something ___________.

[A] that guarantees students of different races to be admitted equally

[B] American citizens fight against because it discriminates minority students

[C] colleges take to give preference to minority students in college admission

[D] favored by American colleges yet unpopular with American public

2. Rice University sent two recruiters to find minority applicants because _________.

[A] Rice wanted to maintain minority enrollment

[B] minority students have better school performance

[C] Rice has a large minority population

[D] Rice is famous for admitting minority students

3. The writer mentioned Rice‘s some comic end-runs around the spirit of the law to show

that_____________.

[A] Rice abides by the law strictly

[B] Rice deals with students in a comic way

[C] Rice prefers minority students

[D] Rice has its own ways of dealing with the law

4. It seems that minority students _________.

[A] are still benefiting from affirmative action

[B] have lower SAT scores

[C] are often admitted by universities because they have unique racial experience

[D] lag far behind than other students in school performance

5. The word “plummeted” (Line 2， Paragraph 5) most probably means_________.?

[A] doubled

[B] risen

[C] stayed the same

[D] decreased

答案：C A D A D

篇章剖析

本文是一篇說明文，介紹了各大學(xué)是如何應(yīng)對(duì)不允許在招生中照顧少數(shù)族裔的法律的。在第一段作者指出雖然一些州規(guī)定在大學(xué)招生中照顧某些種族的政策為非法，但學(xué)生的種族身份仍然很重要。第二段介紹了德克薩斯州公立大學(xué)的應(yīng)對(duì)策略和私立大學(xué)萊斯大學(xué)對(duì)付這一情況的辦法。第三段介紹了萊斯大學(xué)所采用的迂回策略。第四段以兩個(gè)例子說明少數(shù)族裔的學(xué)生即使SAT成績(jī)不高也能上名牌大學(xué)。最后一段介紹了加利福尼亞禁止平權(quán)措施帶來的影響以及加利福尼亞大學(xué)為了克服這些不利影響所作的努力。

詞匯注釋

primp： v. 梳理(頭發(fā))，打扮

preen： v. 把(自己)打扮漂亮

wow： v. 激起熱烈贊揚(yáng)，使驚嘆，使佩服

affirmative-action：平權(quán)措施

counteract： v. 抵抗;抵制;消除，抵消

enrollment： n. 登記，注冊(cè)，入學(xué)

counselor： n. 顧問

nominate： v. 提名，推薦

predominantly： adv. 主要地，占優(yōu)勢(shì)地

Hispanic： adj. 西班牙的

literature： n. 印刷品