發(fā)布時(shí)間： 2016年06月01日

考研英語翻譯之歸化翻譯法

由于文化上的差異，英譯漢時(shí)有時(shí)直譯原文就會(huì)使譯入語讀者感到費(fèi)解，甚至誤解。這時(shí)，就有必要借用漢語中意義相同或相近、且具有自己鮮明文化色彩的表達(dá)法對(duì)原文加以歸化。歸化翻譯法常用于處理某些英語成語、典故、形象詞語等一類文化色彩較濃的表達(dá)方式。恰倒好處地歸化可以使譯文地道簡(jiǎn)潔、生動(dòng)活潑，便于譯入語讀者理解和接受。例如：

as timid as a hare 膽小如鼠

(在西方文化中，兔子是膽小的象征，而在我國(guó)，兔子卻象征著機(jī)警敏捷。人們常說：“靜若處子，動(dòng)若脫兔。”鼠在我國(guó)才是膽小的象征，所以翻譯時(shí)直接加以歸化。)

at a stone's throw一箭之遙

wet like a drown rat 濕如落湯雞

as stupid as a goose 蠢得像豬

as stubborn as a mule 犟得像牛

seek a hare in a hen's nest 緣木求魚

as dumb as an oyster 守口如瓶

lead a dog's life 過著牛馬一樣的生活

cry up wine and sell vinegar 掛羊頭，賣狗肉

put back the clock 開倒車

talk horse 吹牛

kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 殺雞取卵

drink like a fish 牛飲

(1) Once the wife of a parson， always the wife of a parson.

嫁雞隨雞，嫁狗隨狗。

(2)One boy is a boy， two boys half a boy， three boys no boy.

一個(gè)和尚挑水吃，兩個(gè)和尚抬水吃，三個(gè)和尚沒水吃。

(3) I was limp as a dish rag. My back felt as through it had been beaten with wires.

我軟得像一團(tuán)棉花，脊背疼痛得好像被鋼絲抽打過一樣。

(原文中l(wèi)imp as a dish rag，如直譯為“像洗碟布一樣柔軟”，既不地道，又讓人產(chǎn)生一種較惡心的感覺，不如用漢語中常說的“軟得像一團(tuán)棉花”加以歸化。)

(4) Everybody said how well the new Secretary was doing， but old Mr. Carr said shortly，“Yes. New brooms sweep clean.”

人人都說新任秘書干得好，但卡爾老先生卻簡(jiǎn)慢地說：“新官上任三把火?！?

(原文new brooms sweep clean的字面意思是“新掃把掃得干凈”，比喻“新任職的人干得好”，和漢語中的“新官上任三把火”異曲同工，貌離神合。)

(5) Among the blind the one-eyed man is King.

山中無老虎，猴子稱霸王。

(6) Last night I heard him driving his pig to market.

昨夜我聽到他鼾聲如雷。

(7) Who would have thought of Mr.Mottram doing so well? And so many of his friends，too， that used to stay here? We were entertaining angels unawares.

誰知道摩特蘭先生干得那么出色?還有他那許多朋友，原來都住在這兒的，誰知道呀?我們真是有眼無珠。

(8) It was， as Bill afterwards expressed it， “during a moment of temporary mental apparition”， but we didn't find that out till later.

恰如后來比爾說的那樣，那陣子簡(jiǎn)直是“一時(shí)鬼迷心竅”.不過，我們直到后來才明白了這個(gè)意思。

(apparition在原文中是鬼魂或幽靈出現(xiàn)的意思。mental apparition直譯是“心中有鬼”，這就很容易給人造成誤解，因此需要多少將原形象適當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)換一下。)

(9) They will be ice-skating in hell the day， when I vote the aid for them.

要我投票贊成給他們?cè)?，除非太陽從西邊出來?

(ice-skating in hell如譯成“在地獄里滑冰”就很難為中國(guó)讀者所理解和接受。)

(10)。 “Until her husband won the pools， she was the most commonplace， dowdy， illiterate creature imaginable，but now that she dresses herself up like a society queen and nearly always remembers to sound her aitches， people are already beginning to forget what she was like before.

”Fine feathers make fine birds.“

”過去沒有比她更平平常常、無知無識(shí)而又邋邋遢遢的了，自從她男人贏得全部賭注以后，她打扮得象個(gè)社交皇后，總是記住發(fā)H的音，人們開始忘記她以前是什么樣子了?！?

”人靠衣裳馬靠鞍嘛?！?

(11) I'd much rather see her once or twice and not do anything about it——what could I do about it anyway? She's a bit out of my class， don't you think? If I did try to do anything， I'd only get sent off with a flea in my ear.

我寧愿見她一兩面就算了──我還能干什么呢?你沒看到她和我不怎么相稱嗎?我要干點(diǎn)什么，也只會(huì)碰一鼻子灰。

(原文a flea in one's ear的字面意思是”耳朵上有個(gè)跳蚤“，用來比喻”譏諷的話，刺耳的話“.send sb. off with a flea in one's ear意思是”用譏諷的話氣走某人“，與漢語”碰一鼻子灰“意思相近，但如譯為”用譏諷話氣走某人“，則過于平淡，遠(yuǎn)不如”碰一鼻子灰“生動(dòng)、俏皮。)

(12) He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him ”magpie“.

他如此嘮叨，同伴們給他起了個(gè) ”麻雀“的外號(hào)。

(英語中 ”喜鵲“ 喻義 ”嘮叨、饒舌“，但在漢語中 ”喜鵲“ 卻象征著 ”喜事、吉祥“，而 ”麻雀“ 表示 ”嘮叨、饒舌“，所以用歸化法。)

(13) There's a people's court waiting for him. His God-damned head is going to be separated from his God-damned neck.

人民法庭正等著他。狗頭就要和狗脖子分家呢。

(原文God-damned意為”該死的“，但如譯成”該死的頭“、”該死的脖子“遠(yuǎn)不如”狗頭“、”狗脖子“痛快。)

(14) I'm a diplomat， a linguist， altogether a bespectacled cream puff.

我是個(gè)外交官，一個(gè)語言學(xué)家，總而言之，是個(gè)戴眼鏡的銀樣邋槍頭。

(原文cream puff的字面意思是”奶油松餅“，比喻”中看不中用的人“，和漢語中的”銀樣邋槍頭“意思相近。但如直譯成”奶油松餅“，則不易為漢語讀者所接受。歸化后，既能保存原意，又能為漢語讀者所接受。)

采用歸化時(shí)，要避免走極端，不要用漢語民族文化色彩太濃的詞(如：歷史人物、地理名詞等)來歸化英語習(xí)語，否則譯文會(huì)讓人感覺不倫不類。

(1) Beauty lies in lover's eyes.

情人眼里出美人。